Reason about algorithms, data, systems, and computing impacts, then explain program behavior using a practice project reference.

Section I · Multiple Choice

Section II · Written Response

AP Computer Science Principles

A second original challenge form with independent program traces, counterexample analysis, constrained data and security decisions, a shared AccessRide innovation passage, and a distinct Create-style writing rehearsal.

Written Response 1: Function, purpose, and user needs

Written Response 2: Nested algorithms, testing, and abstraction

This original reference is a rehearsal surrogate, not a replacement for a student's actual Create project or Personalized Project Reference. candidates is a nonempty list of distinct venue names; votes is a list of names that may include invalid entries. Only exact matches with a candidate count. If all candidates have zero votes, the procedure returns NO_VALID_VOTES. Otherwise it returns the first candidate, in candidate order, among those tied for the highest count.